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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Values underpinning teaching profession are vital for education development and standards of teaching in Tanzania and elsewhere.

This paper is designed to explain values encompass teaching profession in relation to standards of teaching in Tanzania. In this regard the paper reflects on the objectives that try to give the following; to explore values underpinning teaching profession elsewhere, to explain the purpose of Core values in the development of education, to investigate the professional practices including standards of teaching, knowledge, skills and competences that promote education development. Lastly to describe codes of professional conduct in Tanzania and to mention and discuss some professional conduct that may be applicable to teachers.

These values ranges from Education experience such as holistic development, cultural values, social justice, equality and inclusion. Other values relate to relationship that encompasses collegiality, collaboration, respect, care and co-operation. Moreover, in teaching profession values refer also to professional knowledge available within a person.

Furthermore, Teachers’ Standards may be seen in any country. Teachers make the education of their pupils their first concern, and are accountable for achieving the highest possible standards in work and conduct. The teacher must therefore teach and perform the following standards:

Ø  Set high expectations which inspire, motivate and challenge pupils.

Ø  Promote good progress and outcomes by pupils

Ø  Demonstrate good subject and curriculum knowledge.

Ø  Plan and teach well structured lessons

Ø  Adapt teaching to respond to the strengths and needs of all pupils.

Ø  Make accurate and productive use of assessment

Ø  Manage behaviour effectively to ensure a good and safe learning environment

Ø  Fulfill wider professional responsibilities
In a nut shell, the values and standard of teachers are built by both teachers, profession boards, government and other education stakeholders. These have to make sure conducive environment for teachers are available in order for them to bring the expected education outcome in the Country.



VALUES UNDERPIN THE WORK OF TEACHING PROFESSION IN RELATION TO STANDARDS OF TEACHING IN TANZANIA - A COMPARATIVE APPROACH.
1.0    INTRODUCTION AND HISTORICAL BACKGROUND.


      According to Oxford Advanced Lerner’s Dictionary (2005) values are beliefs about what is right and wrong and what is important in life. The profession of social work has values that stem from the discipline. These underlying values distinguish social work from other fields, and they guide our practices as social workers. For example, social work values both the dignity and worth of all individuals and service to others.

     These values are reflected in principle of practices such as putting our client’s needs before our own, treating people in a sensitive practice such as respectful manner and working to meet fundamental human needs. The awareness of values means we must be cognizant of the values held by our clients, by organization that employ us, and by societies in which our work situated (Levy, 1976)

      At its core means moral values to guide practice.

      The word “morality” (what we do) has a parallel origin. It derives from Latin word “mos, which exactly like the Greek word ethos-means “custom” in the singular and “character” in plural (mores) (Abel, 1948).We can therefore define ethics as the study of how we should live our life and what kind of person we should be. This is among other vital aspect in values that underpin. Teaching profession in Tanzania and the World in general. Generally, Ethics is the study of right conduct and character (Abel, 1948).

     Having entered in one of profession firm, a social worker is therefore expected to make sure that his/her behavior is attractive, superior, and has no some skeptical elements in  his/her excellence,  knowledge, behavior, competence, personality, truth and humanity in all context be whether at home or work place at all levels. In teaching profession for instance, there various values governing the teaching profession for teachers.

      Generally, the following values are vital for teaching profession in Tanzania that will provide a baseline practice for those undertaking teaching as their profession. Education experience, these are holistic development, cultural values, social justice, equality and inclusion.

      Other values relate to relationship that encompasses collegiality, collaboration, respect, care and co-operation. The other values refer to professional knowledge. These are to be discussed in later chapters in the core values underpinning teaching profession.

                                                                            

2.0. SUB-TITLES

2.1. Core Values underpinning teaching profession in Ireland.

   2.1.1. The educational experience which involves the following major issues in an education   

              Setting for teachers.

     Holistic Development

     Teachers are committed to a holistic vision of education which includes the aesthetics, cognitive,           

      intellectual, critical, cultural, emotional, imaginative, creative, moral, social, political, spiritual,  physical and healthy development of their students.

      Cultural Values

      Teachers see themselves as providing opportunities for the development of awareness and appreciation of cultural values in their country and respecting community member’s cultural activities in which they live or work.

      Social Justice, Equality and Inclusion

      Teachers in their professional role show commitment to democracy, social justice, equality and inclusion. They encourage active citizenship and support students in thinking critically about significant social issues, in valuing and accommodating diversity and in responding appropriately.

      2.1.2. Relationship

      Collegiality

      Teachers work in collegiality with colleagues in the interests of sharing, promoting, developing and supporting best professional practice.

      Collaboration

      Teachers work collaboratively with students, parents, school management, teacher educators and others in developing shared goals towards the achievement of high quality education for all.

      Respect

      Teachers respect students, parents, colleagues, school management, co-professionals and all in the school community and work to establish and maintain an atmosphere of mutual respect in their schools

      Care

      As well as the legal duty of care which teachers exercise, their role as career is central to their professional value system. Their practice is motivated by the best interests of the students entrusted to their care.

      Co-operation

      Teachers engage in a professional manner with the wider community including the partners in education co-professionals and related educational bodies and agencies, as appropriate, for the benefit of students http://www.teaching/

     2.1.3. Professional knowledge

     Professional knowledge is the foundation of the practice of teaching and learning. This professional knowledge includes a range of roles, responsibilities and relationships between: The Teacher and Student, the Teacher and Parents, the Teacher and Curriculum, the Teacher as Learner, the Teacher, the State, the Community and the School and the state.

      Teacher and Student

      Good teacher-student relationships are fundamental to engagement in the teaching/ learning process. These are developed through communication which is built on mutual respect and trust.

      Student Background

      Teachers recognize that differences in students’ backgrounds and identities can shape experience and impact on learning. They respect, value and accommodate diversity including those differences arising from gender, marital status, family status, sexual orientation, religion, age, disability, race, ethnicity, membership of the Traveling Community and socio-economic status. They apply their knowledge of students’ backgrounds, identities, experiences and learning modes to their teaching.

      Student Development.

      Teaching is shaped by knowledge of human development and learning. Teachers apply their knowledge of students’ holistic development to their teaching and to the promotion of social responsibilities.

     Student Potential

     Teachers recognize the individual potential of students. They know that those with special/exceptional needs and potential require access to appropriate expertise and resources in the context of a whole school approach

      Student Learning.

      Teachers plan and communicate clear, challenging and achievable expectations for students. They motivate and assist them to become agents in their learning, i.e critically assess information. Teachers seek to engage with students in order to develop teaching strategies that are appropriate to the needs of their students and that promote learning. They establish classroom management strategies that support differentiated learning in a way that respects the dignity of all students.

      The Teacher and Parents-Partnership with Parents

      Teachers must appreciate that parents are the primary educators of their children. They build trust with parents and actively communicate and collaborate with them in the education of their children. They exercise their professional integrity and judgement in communicating with students and parents.

     The Teacher and Curriculum-Curriculum Process

     Any teacher engages in the dynamic processes by which curriculum is designed and implemented and students’ learning is facilitated and evaluated.

   “The term curriculum encompasses the content, structure and process of teaching and learning which the school provides in accordance with its educational objectives and values... It is concerned not only with the subjects taught, but also with how and why they are taught and with the outcomes of this activity for the learner.” (Charting our Education Future, 1995, p. 18)

     Curriculum Content

     A teacher is required to know and understand the subject matter of the relevant curriculum/syllabus, how it is linked to other subjects and related to life experiences.

      Teaching Approaches

     Teachers use appropriate pedagogical approaches that assist students to learn in a variety of ways. They adopt an integrated approach to planning which includes teaching strategies, learning modes, activities, and resources. They facilitate interaction among students to enable shared learning as well as individual learning outcomes.

     Resources

     Teachers are necessitated to employ a variety of available curriculum resources to enhance and enrich the learning environment. This enables a student to understand the subject matter.

      Assessment

      Teachers use a range of strategies to support, monitor and assess students’ learning, their approach to learning and their progress. They assess the achievement of curriculum objectives and adapt their teaching accordingly.                        

   

     

       Curriculum change

      As agents of change, teachers are involved in the design, development, implementation and evaluation of the curriculum at classroom, school and national levels. In implementing the curriculum, teachers develop appropriate and motivational teaching strategies in response to the diverse needs of students in a changing society. They critically evaluate the learning outcomes so as to inform national and school policies and review their own professional beliefs, values and practice.

      The Teacher as Learner-The Teacher as Reflective Practitioner

      Teachers are naturally needed to be continuous learners and sometimes learners become teacher. So teachers acknowledge the interdependence of teacher learning and student learning. Drawing on practitioner-based research, they plan for teaching and learning through continuous reflection on their own current practice.

      The Teacher as Lifelong Learner

      Teachers believe in their field that professional development is a lifelong process which is influenced by personal, social and educational context. It is most effective when it is embedded in practice. Continuous professional development is both a right and a responsibility and should be supported by policy and resources at local, regional and National level.

      Professional Collegiality

      Teachers act in a spirit of collegiality with professional colleagues, both as team Members and as team leaders. They motivate and inspire by sharing their vision, expertise and reflections and they acknowledge and celebrate effort and success.

     The Teacher, the State, the Community and the School- Statutory and Regulatory Requirements

      Teachers in their professional role work within the framework of relevant legislation and regulations. They work in partnership with the Inspectorate of the Department of Education in case of Ireland but in Tanzania they are under the Teachers service department (TSD)

      Parents, School Management and Co-professionals

      Teachers work to develop positive relationships with parents, school management and co-professionals. Teachers are active partners with school management and parents in the development of a school ethos and culture conducive to a positive environment for teaching and learning. Teachers work with management, students and parents in establishing and maintaining policies which are necessary for a safe and supportive teaching and learning environment. http://www.teaching /…

      The Local Community

      Effective teaching requires the support and positive collaboration of the wider community. Teachers, through their schools, utilize the community as a learning resource. The community, in turn, is enriched by its interaction with teachers who have a tradition of contributing to a range of community activities.

      Learning in the School Community

     Teachers are educational leaders who contribute to creating and sustaining learning communities in their classrooms, in their schools and through their professional networks.

     

      3.2. The purpose of core values in the development of education

      Various codes have been developed to accomplish various objectives for instance in countries like Ireland, the code are designed to serve the following: To promote quality teaching and learning, to encourage and support teachers in their professional role, and to promote the teaching profession.

     

      In Tanzania, the teachers’ code has been prepared to help teachers as guides upon the teaching profession. Various teachers’ boards explain their codes for their teachers. Experience from Ireland indicates that these codes are guideline that performs the following tasks: Clarifying the ethics and setting out the core values underpinning Teacher’s practice. Setting out clear standards of professional practice to which teachers are committed. However, the Code seeks to do this by: Affirming the role of teachers in the social, cultural and economic development of the country. Being supportive to teachers in their professional lives. Promoting collegiality within the teaching profession.

      The Code seeks to do this by: Confirming the status and integrity of the profession, Informing and enhancing the public perception of the teaching profession.

      Generally the teaching codes are there to ensure teachers are actively participating using there energies to: promote quality teaching and learning, encourage and support teachers in their professional role, and promote the teaching profession. http:// www.teaching/council.ie.





3.3. Professional practices and standards of teaching, knowledge, and skills.

      Teachers’ Standards may be seen in any country. Reflecting an example from England the standards for Qualified Teacher Status (QTS) are applied and the Core professional standards are stipulated. The new standard applies to all teachers regardless of their career stage. The Education (School Teachers’ Qualifications) (England) Regulations 2003. http://www.tda.gov.uk....visited on Friday 27th, April, 2012.   19.36PM

      Teachers make the education of their pupils their first concern, and are accountable for achieving the highest possible standards in work and conduct. Teachers act with honesty and integrity; have strong subject knowledge, keep their knowledge and skills as teachers up-to-date and are self-critical; forge positive professional relationships; and work with parents in the best interests of their pupils.

     These standards are presented as separate headings:

      Teaching

      A teacher must;

Ø  Set high expectations which inspire, motivate and challenge pupils.

      Establish a safe and stimulating environment for pupils, rooted in mutual respect, Set goals that stretch and challenge pupils of all backgrounds, abilities and dispositions. Demonstrate consistently the positive attitudes, values and behaviour which are expected of pupils.

Ø  Promote good progress and outcomes by pupils

      Be accountable for pupils’ attainment, progress and outcomes. Be aware of pupils’ capabilities and their prior knowledge, and plan teaching to build on these, guide pupils to reflect on the progress they have made and their emerging needs.

Ø  Demonstrate good subject and curriculum knowledge

      Have a secure knowledge of the relevant subject(s) and curriculum areas, foster and maintain pupils’ interest in the subject, and address misunderstandings. Demonstrate a critical understanding of developments in the subject and curriculum areas, and promote the value of scholarship. Demonstrate an understanding of and take responsibility for promoting high standards of literacy, articulacy and the correct use of Standard English, whatever the teacher’s specialist subject if teaching early reading, demonstrate a clear understanding of systematic synthetic phonics, if teaching early mathematics, demonstrate a clear understanding of appropriate teaching strategies.





Ø  Plan and teach well structured lessons in classroom.

      Impart knowledge and develop understanding through effective use of lesson time, promote a love of learning and children’s intellectual curiosity, set homework and plan other out-of-class activities to consolidate and extend the knowledge and understanding pupils have acquired reflect systematically on the effectiveness of lessons and approaches to teaching contribute to the design and provision of an engaging curriculum within the relevant subject area(s).

Ø  Adapt teaching to respond to the strengths and needs of all pupils in classroom and outside.

     Know when and how to differentiate appropriately, using approaches which enable pupils to be taught effectively have a secure understanding of how a range of factors can inhibit pupils’ ability to learn, and how best to overcome these. Demonstrate an awareness of the physical, social and intellectual development of children, and know how to adapt teaching to support pupils’ education at different stages of development. Have a clear understanding of the needs of all pupils.

Ø  Make accurate and productive use of assessment

      Know and understand how to assess the relevant subject and curriculum areas, including statutory assessment requirements. Make use of formative and summative assessment to secure pupils’ progress and use relevant data to monitor progress, set targets, and plan subsequent lessons. Give pupils regular feedback, both orally and through accurate marking, and encourage pupils to respond to the feedback.

Ø  Manage behaviour effectively to ensure a good and safe learning environment

      Have clear rules and routines for behaviour in classrooms, and take responsibility for promoting good and courteous behaviour both in classrooms and around the school, in accordance with the school’s behaviour policy. Have high expectations of behaviour, and establish a framework for discipline with a range of strategies, using praise, sanctions and rewards consistently and fairly.

      Manage classes effectively, using approaches which are appropriate to pupils’ needs in order to involve and motivate them. Maintain good relationships with pupils, exercise appropriate authority, and act decisively when necessary.

Ø  Fulfill wider professional responsibilities

      Make a positive contribution to the wider life and ethos of the school and develop effective professional relationships with colleagues, knowing how and when to draw on advice and specialist support. Deploy support staff effectively and take responsibility for improving teaching through appropriate professional development, while responding to advice and feedback from colleagues. Moreover, communicate effectively with parents with regard to pupils’ achievements and well-being. .http://www.tda.gov.uk....visited on Friday 19.36PM

     Personal and professional code of conduct in Tanzania.

     A teacher is expected to demonstrate consistently high standards of personal and professional conduct. Teaching is viewed by the majority of people as an ethical or moral profession because of its wide influence on individuals, society and future human kind (URT, 2005)

     A code of conduct is a set of rules outlining the responsibilities of proper practices for an individual, party or organization (Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia)

      Teachers professional code of conduct, refer to the set of principles of public service ethics that should guide the work of all teachers in meeting the educational needs of their students. (Australian capital Territory Canberra, 2006) from http://www.Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

      In Tanzania the teacher’s code of conduct is set by teacher’s service Department (TSD). Every teacher shall recognize that s/he has certain responsibilities to the child under his care, the community in which s/he lives, to the profession, to the employer and the state. The teacher’s Service Department has stipulated the disciplinary measures to be taken against teachers who breach the professional code of conduct as displayed in the attached scheme;



S/N
AN OFFENCE
PUNISHMENT
1
Absenteeism
Less than fourteen days (14)
More than fourteen days and teacher returns to work
Reduction in salary for the number of days not on duty.
Warning and not to be paid for the whole period one is absent from duty, reduction in grade and reprimand
2
Negligence
Negligence occasioning loss to the employer
Gross negligence in the performance of duty

Stoppage of an increment or with holding of an holding.
3
Drunkard ness.
Dismissal from his/her service post without termination of membership of service.
4
Examination scandals
(a)To open examination envelopes and show students examination questions.
(b)To prepare and give students    
     answers for the examinations
Dismissal from his/her service post without termination of membership of the service.

Dismissal from his/her service post without termination of membership of the service.
5
Criminal offences
Treason

To be detained.


Corruption

Dismissal from his/her service and in his current service post.

Dismissal from his/her service post without termination of membership of the service.
Dismissal from his/her service post without termination of membership of the service.

Source: Courtesy of TSD.

 In British, the following statements define the behaviour and attitudes which set the required standard for conduct throughout a teacher’s career. Teachers uphold public trust in the profession and maintain high standards of ethics and behaviour, within and outside school, by: treating pupils with dignity, building relationships rooted in mutual respect, and at all times observing proper boundaries appropriate to a teacher’s professional position. Having regard for the need to safeguard pupils’ well-being, in accordance with statutory provisions. Showing tolerance of and respect for the rights of others not undermining fundamental British values, including democracy, the rule of law, individual liberty and mutual respect, and tolerance of those with different faiths and beliefs. (http://www.tda.gov.uk....visited on Friday 27th, April 2012. 19.36PM)

Teachers must have proper and professional regard for the ethos, policies and practices of the school in which they teach, and maintain high standards in their own attendance and punctuality. Teachers must have an understanding of, and always act within, the statutory frameworks which set out their professional duties and responsibilities. (http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/...)



3.4. Codes of profession conduct in Ireland and Tanzania

Before looking the Tanzanian codes for teachers, let us see the Codes that make explicit the essential values which underpin the profession of teaching in Ireland. Core values are outlined which span many aspects of teaching from the quality of education, to teachers’ commitment, to holistic development, and to caring for students.

However, the listing of values suggests the importance of a reflective, learning teacher within a dynamic, vibrant teaching profession. They suggest also the importance of teachers pausing to ask about the value of education and of their work and about the role of professional educators in preparing young people for life. They underline the centrality and moral basis of teachers’ work. The Codes illustrate the complexity of the task of teaching as undertaken in collaboration with colleagues, students, parents, and families, education partners, related bodies and agencies and the wider community. They outline the key responsibilities which are central to the practice of teaching and they do this in a context which respects and values teachers’ professional rights (http://www.teaching/...)

The Codes are therefore, expressed positively in terms of core principles and commitments and seek to avoid duplicating provisions which are covered elsewhere. The Council is aware that there are many external factors which impact on the practice of teaching such as school ethos, availability of resources and opportunities for professional development.

Regardless of these factors, however, teachers are at all times guided by an ethical focus and the Codes make this explicit. In drawing up the Codes, the Council was conscious that, while they apply to all teachers registered with the Teaching Council, they are not just for teachers. Rather, they may be read by all partners in the education community with a view to gaining a deeper understanding of the teaching profession in Ireland today, and of professionalism in a more general sense. We hope that other groups in the education community might use them as a basis for reflection on teaching so that we may all work together, in the interest of our students, in a spirit of collaboration and co-operation. The Teaching Council is committed to seeing that these Codes are promoted and observed and, as we seek to steer an ethical and respectful course through the career of teaching, we believe that they will serve us well as a guiding compass. ( Joan Ward in the Teaching council in Ireland,  )

Student

The term “Student” is used in the Codes to denote both pupils and students at

primary, post-primary and further education levels.

Parent

The term “Parent” is used in the Codes to denote both natural parents and legal guardians.

Teacher

The term “Teacher” is used in the Codes to denote a teacher registered with the Teaching Council.

Section 6(b)(iii) i.e. to establish and promote the maintenance and Teachers’ core work is to educate and the following values underpin the work of the teaching profession in Ireland(Teacher’s council in Ireland)

These values are reflected throughout the Codes and may be considered under the headings of:

The Educational Experience

Commitment

Teachers are committed to the highest standards of professional service in their teaching and understand that their primary professional obligation is to their students.

Quality of Education

Teachers promote and maintain the highest quality of educational experiences for their students. Teachers facilitate student progression in their learning and development and their effective engagement with the curriculum.

Student-Centered Learning

Teachers seek to create an environment where students are active agents in the learning process.

Responding to Change

Teachers acknowledge the changing nature of society and recognize their role in providing appropriate educational responses to cater for the identified needs of students. It is recognized that this is enhanced through mutual support from all partners in education

Professional Development

Teachers reflect on and continue to improve their own professional practice and are provided with opportunities to engage in professional development and the process of curriculum development ( http://www.teaching council.ie.)

Professional ethics therefore involves standard that guides professional practice. Developing     a commitment to the ethics of disciplines and an understanding of how these ethics apply to commonly occurring work place situations is a core element of professional preparation. Integrating our professional ethics with our personal ethics is important part of professionalization. (Gottfried, 2006).

Code of Conduct in Tanzania. The teaching profession in Tanzania  has its code of conduct as it is in other country like Ireland. Tanzanian Code of professional- Conduct (regulation 65(2) are found in the regulation issued by the Minister of State, Presidents Office Public Service Management, Public Service Commission Act no.8 of 2002.These points out that; every teacher shall recognize that has certain responsibilities to the child under his care;(URT, 2005).To the community in which he lives, the profession, the employer, and the State.

  • To the child

A teacher agrees that his chief responsibility is towards the child under his care and that he has at all time duty to guide each child in his full mental and physical development both as an individual and as a member of the community.

  • To the community.

A teacher must therefore full understand the community in which he works he must explain to them their duty to obey all lawful authority and he should by his own personal conduct set them an example in these matters.

  • To the profession;

A teacher recognizes that teaching is vocation and more than mere gainful employment. He therefore under takes to conduct himself according to the following rules;

ü  To follow at all times the highest standard of professional conduct

ü  To work conscientiously and with diligence and regularity

ü  To set a good example in his conduct and his person at all time to the children under his care

ü  To try continually to improve his standard of work and ability

ü  To abuse no right or privilege contained in his condition of service.

  • To the employer;

Teacher agrees to serve his employer faithfully and in accordance with the terms of employment.

  • To the State;

A teacher must fully understand and be prepared to fulfill his obligation to the state. A teacher accepts code set out above as the code of professional conduct for teacher’s and shall adhere to its provision. (URT, 2005)



3.5. Professional conduct that may be applicable in Ireland and also in Tanzania teaching profession.

High standards of professional conduct are central to the role of teaching and in the Code of Professional Conduct, the teaching boards or regulatory board’s are making explicit the commitment of the teaching profession to these standards. The purpose of the Code is to assist these boards in achieving its objects as set out in the Sections of the Act established the code.

It can be noted that these codes are prepared to establish and promote the maintenance and improvement of standards of professional conduct of teachers. For example in Ireland code, Section 41 of the Teaching Council Act, 2001, states that the following shall constitute professional misconduct by a registered teacher:

              (a) engaging in conduct which is contrary to a code of professional conduct

                   established by the Council under section 7(2)(b);

              (b) engaging in any improper conduct in his or her professional capacity or

                   otherwise by reason of which he or she is unfit to teach.

The Code

Teachers should take care of students under their supervision with the aim of ensuring their safety and welfare in so far as is reasonably practicable. Teachers should respect confidential information relating to colleagues, students and families gained in the course of professional practice, unless the wellbeing of an individual or a legal imperative requires disclosure.

Teachers should uphold the reputation and standing of the profession. They should act with honesty and integrity in all aspects of their work. They should avoid direct conflict between their private interests and their professional work. Teachers should respect students, parents, colleagues, school management, co-professionals and all in the school community. They should interact with them in a way that does not discriminate and that promotes equality in relation to gender, marital status, family status, sexual orientation, religion, age, disability, race, ethnicity, membership of the Traveling Community and socio-economic status.

Recognizing the unique and privileged relationships that exist between teachers and the students entrusted to their care, teachers should conduct these relationships in a way that is professional, respectful and appropriate. Teachers should not practice the profession while under the influence of any substance which impairs their ability or medical fitness. Teachers should provide complete and accurate information and authentic documents with respect to their professional status, qualifications and experience. They should use only their own names, as set out in the register, in the course of their professional duties. They should provide complete and accurate information on any professional matter as requested by the Council. They should not counsel or assist any person who is not a registered teacher to represent himself or herself as being so registered (www.teaching/ council …).These are some of the conduct that might be applicable to teachers elsewhere including Tanzania.



4.0. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIOS.

Many teachers in their field need to understand various core values that make them to be valued by their family, society, the community and the state in general. The engagement of teachers in mis-conduct hinders their profession status and later causes them to neglect at all. It is therefore the duties of teachers to make their status respected by committing themselves to their teaching, their behavior and profession development in order to ensure the sustainability of knowledge so as to improve the quality of education.

It is therefore recommended here: teachers must avoid laziness’, drunken ness, prostitution and all immoral attributes in order to perform well their duties. Apart from that, various boards make sure that a clear supervision is directed to the rights of teachers in order to make them work in a harmonic situation. Improving teachers working environment makes them motivated upon their work and standards.







BIBLIOGRAPHY.

Anangisye, W.A and Barrett A.M, (2006). Professional Identity and Mis-conduct

      Perspective of Tanzania Teachers. London: University of Edinburgh and

      University of Bristol.



Australian Capital Territory Canberra, (2006). Teachers’ Code of Professional

      Practice from http://www.Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.



Charting Our Education Future .Education Journal. England (1995, p 18)



Gottfried, K.S. (2006).Ethics in Human Behavior in the Social Environment: A Primer. New

        York. The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

Hornby. (2005) Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary.(2005).Dar es sallam:

        Oxford University Press.



Joan W. An Chomhairle Mhu’inteoireachta.The Teaching Council in Ireland. (2007).   

       Codes of Professional Conducts for Teachers. Kildare: Maynook, Co. Ireland.



Levy, C.S. Personal versus Professional Values: The Practitioner’s Dilemma. Clinical Social     

       Work .Journal,4, 110-120



URT, (2005). Induction Course for Licensed Secondary School Teachers. Dar-es-

      Salaam: Ministry of Education and Vocational Training.









http://www.tda.gov.uk/training-provider/itt/qts-standards-itt-requirements.aspx 2

http://www.tda.gov.uk....visited on Friday 27th, April 2012. 19.36PM

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